Energy mix by country
Data from 2022 show that 62.78 percent of electricity worldwide was produced from fossil fuels;
7.48 percent from wind;
4.58 percent from solar installations;
15.55 percent from hydroelectric sources;
9.27 percent from nuclear plants;
and 0.32 percent from geothermal sources.
Fossil fuels were 61.3 percent in 1990 and, with the growth of China and other emerging markets, increased to 69.3 in 2010.
The percent then declined to 62.8 with the expansion of renewable energy production.
Wind and solar increased from essentially 0 in 1990 to 7.5 percent and 4.6 percent, respectively, in 2022 while nuclear power declined from 17.2 percent in 1990 to 9.3 percent in 2022.
Hydroelectricity also declined in relative importance from 20.1 percent in 1990 to 15.6 percent in 2022.
These are our calculations based on data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration.
See also our data on electricity prices by country.
World electricity generation from various sources, 2022
Fossil fuels are the predominant source for electricity generation in most countries as the 2022 data show.
Hydroelectric power is very important in quite a few countries including Paraguay (100 percent), Albania (90.39), and Norway (89.01) among others.
Denmark's energy mix relies on wind (76.27) with Lithuania, Luxembourg, Uruguay and Ireland following with about 35 percent.
Nuclear energy is over 50 percent in Slovakia, France and Ukraine.
Kenya, Iceland and El Salvador lead the way in terms of geothermal energy use with about 30 percent or more of their energy mix.
See country rankings by clicking on the column titles to sort the data.
Select year from the drop menu to see on the table the energy mix in the past.
| Country | Fossil | Wind | Solar | Hydro | Nuclear | Geothermal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afghanistan | 15.57 | 0.00 | 9.59 | 74.84 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Albania | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.61 | 99.39 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Algeria | 99.22 | 0.01 | 0.75 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Angola | 25.04 | 0.00 | 0.11 | 74.85 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Antigua and Barbuda | 94.18 | 0.00 | 5.82 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Argentina | 66.17 | 9.81 | 2.03 | 16.77 | 5.22 | 0.00 |
| Armenia | 43.43 | 0.01 | 3.77 | 22.80 | 29.99 | 0.00 |
| Aruba | 84.89 | 13.93 | 1.18 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Australia | 66.11 | 12.08 | 15.32 | 6.49 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Austria | 26.18 | 12.18 | 4.68 | 56.95 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Azerbaijan | 93.97 | 0.29 | 0.21 | 5.54 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Bahamas | 99.83 | 0.00 | 0.17 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Bahrain | 99.97 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Bangladesh | 98.70 | 0.01 | 0.52 | 0.77 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Barbados | 92.33 | 0.00 | 7.67 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Belarus | 85.70 | 0.51 | 0.44 | 1.04 | 12.31 | 0.00 |
| Belgium | 30.30 | 13.58 | 8.06 | 0.25 | 47.82 | 0.00 |
| Belize | 38.45 | 0.00 | 7.37 | 54.19 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Benin | 98.39 | 0.00 | 1.60 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Bermuda | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Bhutan | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 99.99 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Bolivia | 67.24 | 3.97 | 3.16 | 25.64 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 69.18 | 2.30 | 0.69 | 27.83 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Botswana | 99.76 | 0.00 | 0.24 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Brazil | 10.84 | 13.22 | 4.41 | 69.17 | 2.36 | 0.00 |
| Brunei | 99.96 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Bulgaria | 50.70 | 3.12 | 4.17 | 7.77 | 34.25 | 0.00 |
| Burkina Faso | 68.57 | 0.00 | 16.04 | 15.40 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Burma (Myanmar) | 51.29 | 0.00 | 0.49 | 48.22 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Burundi | 34.50 | 0.00 | 2.34 | 63.17 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Cambodia | 49.68 | 0.00 | 4.50 | 45.81 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Cameroon | 37.84 | 0.00 | 0.26 | 61.90 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Canada | 17.48 | 6.05 | 0.95 | 62.43 | 13.09 | 0.00 |
| Cape Verde | 83.14 | 14.78 | 2.08 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Central African Republic | 0.73 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 99.27 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Chad | 97.35 | 2.65 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Chile | 45.77 | 10.85 | 16.16 | 26.68 | 0.00 | 0.54 |
| China | 66.16 | 8.71 | 4.78 | 15.55 | 4.80 | 0.00 |
| Colombia | 28.80 | 0.07 | 0.39 | 70.74 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Comoros | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Croatia | 39.25 | 17.45 | 1.21 | 41.63 | 0.00 | 0.46 |
| Cuba | 97.72 | 0.11 | 1.49 | 0.69 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Cyprus | 84.10 | 4.31 | 11.59 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Czechia | 51.41 | 0.85 | 3.30 | 2.77 | 41.68 | 0.00 |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 99.92 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Denmark | 15.19 | 76.27 | 8.48 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Djibouti | 99.07 | 0.00 | 0.93 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Dominica | 75.87 | 0.59 | 0.13 | 23.42 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Dominican Republic | 86.53 | 6.19 | 2.60 | 4.68 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Ecuador | 19.30 | 0.20 | 0.12 | 80.39 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Egypt | 88.67 | 2.92 | 2.15 | 6.26 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| El Salvador | 10.58 | 0.00 | 18.96 | 41.53 | 0.00 | 28.93 |
| Equatorial Guinea | 67.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 32.90 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Eritrea | 96.31 | 0.52 | 3.18 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Estonia | 81.00 | 12.30 | 6.45 | 0.25 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Ethiopia | 0.04 | 3.84 | 0.23 | 95.89 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Faroe Islands | 62.57 | 11.21 | 0.00 | 26.23 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Fiji | 41.73 | 0.31 | 1.30 | 56.66 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Finland | 12.25 | 20.93 | 0.53 | 23.68 | 42.61 | 0.00 |
| France | 12.43 | 8.69 | 4.64 | 10.23 | 63.99 | 0.02 |
| Gabon | 58.35 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 41.55 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Gambia | 99.39 | 0.02 | 0.59 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Georgia | 23.78 | 0.61 | 0.00 | 75.61 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Germany | 54.25 | 24.50 | 11.46 | 3.44 | 6.31 | 0.04 |
| Ghana | 66.04 | 0.00 | 0.59 | 33.37 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Gibraltar | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Greece | 53.88 | 22.31 | 14.67 | 9.14 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Grenada | 97.77 | 0.08 | 2.15 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Guatemala | 41.73 | 3.29 | 2.30 | 49.48 | 0.00 | 3.20 |
| Guinea | 33.61 | 0.00 | 0.69 | 65.70 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Guinea-Bissau | 97.56 | 0.00 | 2.44 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Guyana | 98.82 | 0.04 | 1.15 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Haiti | 85.93 | 0.00 | 0.29 | 13.78 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Honduras | 41.20 | 7.21 | 11.03 | 37.20 | 0.00 | 3.37 |
| Hong Kong | 99.75 | 0.00 | 0.25 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Hungary | 35.55 | 1.88 | 14.58 | 0.55 | 47.44 | 0.01 |
| Iceland | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 70.18 | 0.00 | 29.78 |
| India | 77.52 | 4.43 | 5.34 | 10.04 | 2.67 | 0.00 |
| Indonesia | 85.75 | 0.11 | 0.14 | 8.69 | 0.00 | 5.31 |
| Iran | 93.54 | 0.21 | 0.18 | 4.41 | 1.67 | 0.00 |
| Iraq | 97.97 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 1.98 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Ireland | 60.32 | 37.21 | 0.29 | 2.18 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Israel | 90.05 | 0.23 | 9.69 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Italy | 68.24 | 8.00 | 10.58 | 11.05 | 0.00 | 2.13 |
| Ivory Coast | 69.47 | 0.00 | 0.16 | 30.37 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Jamaica | 87.69 | 6.14 | 3.07 | 3.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Japan | 75.64 | 1.01 | 9.92 | 7.64 | 5.50 | 0.29 |
| Jordan | 77.13 | 7.36 | 15.43 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Kazakhstan | 89.06 | 1.52 | 1.42 | 8.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Kenya | 8.23 | 17.74 | 3.18 | 25.17 | 0.00 | 45.68 |
| Kiribati | 84.51 | 0.00 | 15.49 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Kuwait | 99.77 | 0.03 | 0.20 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Kyrgyzstan | 14.08 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 85.92 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Laos | 27.05 | 0.00 | 0.14 | 72.81 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Latvia | 27.55 | 4.77 | 0.17 | 67.52 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Lebanon | 90.91 | 0.06 | 2.96 | 6.06 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Lesotho | 0.12 | 0.00 | 0.26 | 99.62 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Liberia | 32.85 | 0.00 | 0.50 | 66.65 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Libya | 99.97 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Lithuania | 31.88 | 48.62 | 5.34 | 14.16 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Luxembourg | 14.10 | 45.01 | 28.99 | 11.91 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Macao | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Madagascar | 64.47 | 0.02 | 1.64 | 33.87 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Malawi | 5.90 | 0.00 | 13.20 | 80.91 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Malaysia | 81.91 | 0.00 | 1.14 | 16.95 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Maldives | 93.21 | 0.24 | 6.56 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Mali | 61.20 | 0.00 | 0.93 | 37.87 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Malta | 87.05 | 0.03 | 12.93 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Mauritania | 70.12 | 9.24 | 8.26 | 12.38 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Mauritius | 90.44 | 0.51 | 4.96 | 4.09 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Mexico | 75.47 | 6.10 | 3.54 | 10.22 | 3.18 | 1.49 |
| Moldova | 91.32 | 2.63 | 0.57 | 5.49 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Mongolia | 88.91 | 7.82 | 2.22 | 1.05 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Montenegro | 47.05 | 9.76 | 0.09 | 43.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Montserrat | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Morocco | 81.91 | 12.95 | 3.50 | 1.64 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Mozambique | 17.70 | 0.00 | 0.38 | 81.92 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Namibia | 3.77 | 1.63 | 36.79 | 57.81 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Nepal | 0.00 | 0.07 | 1.41 | 98.52 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Netherlands | 60.92 | 19.37 | 16.08 | 0.05 | 3.58 | 0.00 |
| New Caledonia | 83.40 | 2.04 | 6.51 | 8.05 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| New Zealand | 13.70 | 6.77 | 0.48 | 60.68 | 0.00 | 18.36 |
| Nicaragua | 40.13 | 19.54 | 0.83 | 17.87 | 0.00 | 21.63 |
| Niger | 94.15 | 0.00 | 5.85 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Nigeria | 78.37 | 0.00 | 0.14 | 21.49 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| North Korea | 42.12 | 0.00 | 0.30 | 57.58 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| North Macedonia | 72.53 | 2.00 | 0.63 | 24.85 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Norway | 0.53 | 10.34 | 0.12 | 89.01 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Oman | 99.37 | 0.00 | 0.63 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Pakistan | 63.18 | 1.91 | 0.78 | 20.75 | 13.37 | 0.00 |
| Panama | 21.80 | 3.98 | 4.87 | 69.35 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Papua New Guinea | 75.06 | 0.00 | 0.08 | 16.57 | 0.00 | 8.29 |
| Paraguay | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Peru | 39.04 | 3.18 | 1.44 | 56.34 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Philippines | 79.05 | 1.14 | 1.41 | 8.12 | 0.00 | 10.28 |
| Poland | 82.21 | 11.52 | 5.16 | 1.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Portugal | 45.29 | 31.06 | 7.97 | 15.27 | 0.00 | 0.40 |
| Puerto Rico | 97.47 | 0.84 | 1.43 | 0.26 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Qatar | 99.98 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Republic of the Congo | 77.47 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 22.50 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Romania | 39.44 | 12.82 | 3.26 | 25.71 | 18.76 | 0.00 |
| Russia | 60.52 | 0.29 | 0.19 | 19.29 | 19.68 | 0.04 |
| Rwanda | 45.57 | 0.00 | 1.84 | 52.59 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Saint Lucia | 99.19 | 0.00 | 0.81 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 75.17 | 0.00 | 1.73 | 23.10 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Samoa | 67.00 | 0.07 | 12.35 | 20.59 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Sao Tome and Principe | 95.59 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 4.41 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Saudi Arabia | 99.70 | 0.09 | 0.20 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Senegal | 75.32 | 9.61 | 11.01 | 4.05 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Serbia | 68.92 | 2.92 | 0.05 | 28.11 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Seychelles | 86.14 | 0.98 | 12.88 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Sierra Leone | 3.75 | 0.00 | 3.10 | 93.15 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Singapore | 97.79 | 0.00 | 2.21 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Slovakia | 19.14 | 0.01 | 2.67 | 13.08 | 65.10 | 0.00 |
| Slovenia | 27.13 | 0.05 | 4.37 | 25.23 | 43.23 | 0.00 |
| Solomon Islands | 97.25 | 0.00 | 2.75 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Somalia | 90.41 | 1.64 | 7.95 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| South Africa | 87.36 | 4.20 | 2.70 | 1.36 | 4.37 | 0.00 |
| Spain | 38.67 | 22.45 | 12.04 | 6.27 | 20.57 | 0.00 |
| Sri Lanka | 47.81 | 5.84 | 5.37 | 40.98 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Sudan | 37.82 | 0.00 | 0.21 | 61.98 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Suriname | 51.95 | 0.00 | 0.57 | 47.48 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Swaziland | 12.13 | 0.00 | 0.35 | 87.52 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Sweden | 1.05 | 20.63 | 0.96 | 45.84 | 31.52 | 0.00 |
| Switzerland | 0.88 | 0.26 | 6.61 | 51.98 | 40.25 | 0.00 |
| Syria | 95.50 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 4.48 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Taiwan | 84.67 | 1.26 | 3.81 | 2.08 | 8.17 | 0.01 |
| Tajikistan | 10.67 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 89.32 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Tanzania | 67.94 | 0.00 | 0.53 | 31.53 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Thailand | 90.94 | 1.86 | 3.05 | 4.14 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Togo | 74.73 | 0.00 | 6.83 | 18.45 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Tonga | 86.67 | 3.99 | 9.33 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 99.94 | 0.00 | 0.06 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Tunisia | 96.89 | 1.52 | 1.52 | 0.07 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Turkey | 58.79 | 11.41 | 4.99 | 21.87 | 0.00 | 2.94 |
| Turkmenistan | 99.97 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Uganda | 1.11 | 0.00 | 2.66 | 96.22 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Ukraine | 32.74 | 1.80 | 4.17 | 6.56 | 54.73 | 0.00 |
| United Arab Emirates | 84.61 | 0.00 | 3.99 | 0.00 | 11.41 | 0.00 |
| United Kingdom | 47.86 | 29.22 | 5.01 | 2.22 | 15.69 | 0.00 |
| Uruguay | 11.14 | 38.73 | 4.06 | 46.06 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| USA | 60.29 | 10.25 | 4.84 | 6.02 | 18.22 | 0.38 |
| Uzbekistan | 93.34 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 6.65 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Vanuatu | 81.88 | 6.56 | 11.56 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Venezuela | 22.30 | 0.10 | 0.01 | 77.58 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Vietnam | 57.41 | 1.36 | 11.34 | 29.89 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Yemen | 79.58 | 0.00 | 20.42 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Zambia | 11.17 | 0.00 | 0.74 | 88.09 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
| Zimbabwe | 33.08 | 0.00 | 0.33 | 66.59 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
